Cricket Witness No 4 - Women at the WIcket

109 13 Pollard, Cricket for Women and Girls , 27; Obituaries to Heron-Maxwell (WCA archive); Margery Corbett Ashby, Memoirs of Dame Margery Corbett Ashby (London 1996), 60; Sandra Stanley Holton, Women’s Suffrage and Reform Politics in Britain, 1900-1918 (Cambridge, 2002), 120-1, 179. 14 The Cricketer (September 1939), 614; WCA, Women’s Cricket (June 1931), 23; Yearbook 1946, 7; Pollard, Fifty Years of Women’s Hockey: The Story of the Foundation and Development of the All-England Women’s Hockey Association 1895-1945 (London, 1946), 21; Inez Jenkins, The History of the Women’s Institute Movement of England and Wales (London, 1953), 93-5. 15 Macpherson, Suffragette’s Daughter , 15, 38-41, 66-72, 87, 98-100. 16 Women’s Cricket (August 1934), 64; (May 1935), 8; WCA, Reports 1934-1938; The Cricketer 20:2 (May 1939), 59. 17 Macpherson, Suffragette’s Daughter , 88-90, 115-24; Emmeline Pethick- Lawrence, My Part in a Changing World (London, 1938), 333; Carol Miller, ‘“Geneva – the key to equality”’: Interwar Feminists and the League of Nations’, Women’s History Review 3:2 (1994), 219-245. 18 WCA, Report 1937, 9; Executive Committee and AGM Minutes (26 April-3 August 1936); Women’s Cricket (May 1935), 8-11; (June 1935), 26-8; Macpherson, Suffragette’s Daughter , 9. 19 Quoted in Hargreaves, Sporting Females , 76-78; McCrone, Playing the Game , 111-5. 20 Eric Hobsbawm, ‘Mass producing traditions: Europe, 1870-1914’, in Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (eds), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983), 299. 21 Interview with Betty Archdale (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1982), http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/191064808. 22 Kay, ‘Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain’, 1346-51; Cashman and Weaver, Wicket Women , 37. 23 Edith Thompson, Hockey as a Game for Women (London, 1905), iii-v; Women’s Hockey (October 1935), 111. 24 The Manchester Guardian (12 October 1938), 3; The Observer (12 September 1937), 28; Pollard, Fifty Years of Women’s Hockey , 11. 25 Williams, Cricket and England , 98; Threlfall-Sykes, ‘History of Women’s Cricket’, 381-2. 26 Caitriona Beaumont, ‘The Women’s Movement’, in Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Women in Twentieth-Century Britain , 264-5. 27 Hockey, Field and Lacrosse (June 1929), 2; Women’s Cricket (June 1930), 18; (August 1936), 66; Macpherson, Suffragette’s Daughter , 119. 28 Pollard, Cricket for Women and Girls , 135; The Observer (15 May 1931), 17; (26 May 1935), 31; Joy, Maiden Over , 35. 29 Beaumont, ‘The Women’s Movement’, 264-5; Pugh, Women and the Women’s Movement , 236-244. Although with some degree of overlap, the lines were never perfectly clear. 30 Pollard, Cricket for Women and Girls , 16-17. 31 Daily Mail (3 August 1928), 10; The Cricketer 12:4 (1931), 110; 20:4 (1939), 109; Time and Tide (27 September 1930). 32 Girl’s Own Paper 60 (1939), 457-60; Marjorie Pollard, ‘Women’s Cricket’, in Jardine, Cricket: How to Succeed , 30-31; The Observer (2 June 1935), 30. 33 Cashman and Weaver, Wicket Women , 94. 34 Quoted in Threlfall-Sykes, History of Women’s Cricket’, 260-2. 35 Hargreaves, Sporting Females , 30-7; see also Williams, Cricket and England , 99. 36 Jo Halpin, ‘“Thus far and no farther”: the rise of women’s hockey leagues in England from 1910-1939’ Sport in History 37:2 (2017), 146-63. 37 The Observer (23 June 1935), 29; Morning Post (10 August 1932). 38 The Observer (23 June 1935), 29; WCA, Report 1932, 6-7. 39 Yorkshire Observer (17 August 1932); Threlfall-Sykes, ‘History of Women’s Cricket’, 337. 40 Heywood and Heywood, Twentieth-Century Todmorden , 83-7; Threlfall-Sykes, ‘History of Women’s Cricket’, 338-51. 41 Pollard, Cricket for Women and Girls , 16. 42 Nicholson, “Like a man trying to knit”, 64, 104-7. 43 Hockey, Field and Lacrosse (June 1929), 2; (26 May 1935), 31. 44 Nicholson, “Like a man trying to knit”, 61-2. 45 Pollard, Cricket for Women and Girls , 16. 46 The Observer (22 August 1937), 21. 47 Therefore, rather than a ‘comprehensive critical response to the deliberate and systematic subordination of women as a group by men as a group within a given cultural setting’, as Karen Offen describes feminism (Karen Offen, European Feminists, 1790-1950: A Political History (Stanford, 2000), 20), the WCA created their own cultural setting along the lines of difference feminism. Separate but Equal: Feminism Divides the Game